9 Service Dog Breeds That Are the Ultimate Helpers

These pups were born to serve.

yellow labrador retriever guide dog leads blind person with cane through train compartment
Credit:

fotografixx

Key Takeaways

  • Service dogs are highly trained to assist individuals with disabilities and come in various breeds, including Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, and German Shepherds.
  • Each breed has unique strengths, such as intelligence, strength, or size, which make them suitable for different types of service tasks.
  • Mixed breeds can also serve effectively as service dogs if they have the right temperament and are adequately trained.

There are two popular breeds we often associate with service dogs, particularly retrievers, but many other breeds are also well-suited for these roles. Types of service dogs include guide dogs, hearing dogs, and medical alert dogs who notify their humans when they might experience a medical emergency. Guide dogs, generally, need to be larger, athletic, and trainable while hearing dogs can be smaller and, perhaps, a bit more independent. 

Learn more about these nine service dog breeds.

What is a service dog?

Service dogs are trained to perform various tasks to help people with disabilities. They can do things like retrieve objects, alert individuals to a medical problem like a seizure, and guide the visually impaired.

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    Labrador Retriever

    Chocolate Labrador Retriever with paws up on a fence
    Credit:

    Chris McLoughlin / Getty Images

     

    Labrador retrievers are the gold standard for service dogs, especially when it comes to serving as guide dogs for the visually impaired. They can also do other jobs, such as helping those with mobility issues and helping veterans with PTSD. Smart, strong, active, and trustworthy, they're easy to train and bond deeply with their humans. That's the total package for a guide dog.

    Breed Overview

    GROUP: Sporting

    HEIGHT: 21 to 25 inches

    WEIGHT: 55 to 80 pounds

    PERSONALITY/TEMPERAMENT: Active, loving, happy

    ENERGY LEVEL: High

    COAT AND COLOR: Short double coat; black, yellow, or chocolate

    LIFE SPAN: 10 to 12 years

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    Golden Retriever

    Golden Retriever
    Golden Retrievers are kind hearted and good with cats.

    The 1B to the Lab's 1A, the golden retriever is a prized guide dog for the same reasons as their retriever cousin. They're intelligent, not too big, and forever in love with their humans. They enjoy training and then having a job—just be sure you don't mind a bit of shedding.

    Breed Overview

    GROUP: Sporting

    HEIGHT: 21 to 24 inches

    WEIGHT: 55 to 75 pounds

    PERSONALITY/TEMPERAMENT: Playful, energetic, trusting

    ENERGY LEVEL: High

    COAT AND COLOR: Double coat, medium length; light to dark gold

    LIFE SPAN: 10 to 12 years

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    German Shepherds

    German Shepherd Dog Smiling Outdoors
    Credit: Purple Collar Pet Photography / Getty Images

    The consummate working dog—they're search-and-rescue and police dogs, too—German shepherds can help humans as guide dogs, psychiatric assistance dogs, or hearing dogs. In fact, they were the first guide dogs during the 1920s. They need a job and love spending time with their humans, making them excellent service dog candidates.

    Breed Overview

    GROUP: Herding

    HEIGHT: 22 to 26 inches

    WEIGHT: 60 to 100 pounds

    PERSONALITY/TEMPERAMENT: Smart, bold, alert

    ENERGY LEVEL: Medium

    COAT AND COLOR: Coarse, medium-length double coat; combinations of black, tan, cream, silver, red, and sable 

    LIFE SPAN: 7 to 10 years

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    Standard Poodle

    best medium-sized dog breeds - standard poodle in grass
    Credit:

    Carol Howell / EyeEm/ Getty Images

    Ultra-smart poodles can excel as hearing dogs, pups who assist deaf or hard-of-hearing people by alerting them to certain sounds (doorbells, alarms, phones). Friendly and active, poodles can be trained to nudge their humans when they hear those sounds.

    Poodles are hypoallergenic, so they’re less likely to trigger allergies in those who are allergic. Also, if you prefer smaller service dog breeds to help with hearing or vision impairments or medical disabilities, miniature and toy poodles can do well as service dogs, too.  

    Breed Overview

    GROUP: Non-Sporting

    HEIGHT: Over 15 inches

    WEIGHT: 40 to 70 pounds

    PERSONALITY/TEMPERAMENT: Intelligent, sweet, energetic

    ENERGY LEVEL: High

    COAT AND COLOR: Long, curly; black, brown, white, cream, gray, and several other colors

    LIFE SPAN: 10 to 18 years

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  • 05 of 13

    Cocker Spaniel

    American cocker spaniel laying in green grass
    Credit: D Trocio Photography / Getty Images

    Another one of the smaller service dog breeds is the cocker spaniel. Despite their smaller size, this is a breed that can work as a hearing assistance dog. They're easy to train and very friendly, but any owner will need to pay enough attention to their grooming needs.

    Breed Overview

    GROUP: Sporting

    HEIGHT: 13.5 to 15.5 inches

    WEIGHT: 20 to 30 pounds

    PERSONALITY/TEMPERAMENT: Friendly, gentle, trainable

    ENERGY LEVEL: Medium

    COAT AND COLOR: Silky, long double coat; combinations of black, tan, white, brown, red, and other colors

    LIFE SPAN: 10 to 14 years

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    Boxer

    Boxer dog runs toward camera
    Credit:

    Purple Collar Pet Photography/Getty Images 

    Boxers may work as service dogs in some cases. They're active and love their humans unconditionally, but they are bigger dogs who love to play. You may want to opt for a breed better known for staying on task.

    Breed Overview

    GROUP: Working

    HEIGHT: 21 to 25 inches

    WEIGHT: 50 to 80 pounds

    PERSONALITY/TEMPERAMENT: Active, sweet, playful

    ENERGY LEVEL: High

    COAT AND COLOR: Short, smooth; fawn, brindle, white; sometimes with a black mask

    LIFE SPAN: 10 to 12 years

  • 07 of 13

    Dalmatian

    Energetic young Dalmatian running on grass
    Credit: Gerard Brown / Getty Images

    This breed has quite a motor, meaning some dalmatians can be service dogs—perhaps a guide dog—but many more of them are better served remaining as pets. They're sweet, outgoing dogs, so they could get distracted while on the job.

    Breed Overview

    GROUP: Non-Sporting

    HEIGHT: 19 to 24 inches

    WEIGHT: 45 to 65 pounds

    PERSONALITY/TEMPERAMENT: Outgoing, sweet, playful

    ENERGY LEVEL: High

    COAT AND COLOR: Short; white with black or liver spots

    LIFE SPAN: 11 to 13 years

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    Border Collie

    Happy border collie dog outdoors
    Credit: Purple Collar Pet Photography / Getty Images

    Border collies are another breed that can make a decent guide dog, but they shouldn't in most cases. They're especially active herding dogs who normally belong on a farm, but if you can harness the athleticism and smarts, you might have yourself a helpful service dog.

    Breed Overview

    GROUP: Herding

    HEIGHT: 18 to 22 inches

    WEIGHT: 28 to 48 pounds

    PERSONALITY/TEMPERAMENT: Smart, quick, loyal

    ENERGY LEVEL: High

    COAT AND COLOR: Double coat (soft undercoat, rough outer coat); can be combination of black, white, brindle, merle, gold, red, or blue

    LIFE SPAN: 10 to 17 years

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  • 09 of 13

    Bernese Mountain Dog

    Bernese Mountain Dog - Westminster Show 2010 © Janet Tobiassen Crosby DVM
    Bernese Mountain Dog - Westminster Show 2010. Credit: © Janet Tobiassen Crosby DVM

    The Bernese mountain dog is worth considering when searching for service dog breeds because they are smart, loyal, and strong. They can support an adult, and are also capable of handling physical jobs like pulling wheelchairs.

    Breed Overview

    GROUP: Working

    HEIGHT: 23 to 27.5 inches

    WEIGHT: 70 to 115 pounds

    PERSONALITY/TEMPERAMENT: Gentle, even-tempered, loyal

    ENERGY LEVEL: Medium

    COAT AND COLOR: Thick, medium-length double coat; black, rust, and white or black, tan, and white

    LIFE SPAN: 7 to 10 years

  • 10 of 13

    Great Dane

    Great dane looking at camera with two dogs in background; great dane dog names
    Credit:

     Capuski / Getty Images

    The Great Dane is sweet and gentle, making them a good choice when looking for a service dog. They are best suited for those who are mobility impaired, thanks to their height and size. These gentle giants are loving, patient, and calm even when in public.

    Breed Overview

    GROUP: Working

    HEIGHT: 28 to 34 inches

    WEIGHT: 99 to 200 pounds

    PERSONALITY/TEMPERAMENT: Calm, gentle, friendly

    ENERGY LEVEL: Medium

    COAT AND COLOR: Short, smooth; black, black and white, blue, brindle, fawn, harlequin, merle, silver, white, or mantle

    LIFE SPAN: 6 to 8 years

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    Pomeranian

    Puppy Pomeranian
    Credit:

     

    bruev / Getty Images 

    The Pomeranian is another small service dog breed. They are particularly good at alerting people to health conditions, so they can be great for those with conditions like asthma, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.

    Breed Overview

    GROUP: Toy

    HEIGHT: 6 to 7 inches

    WEIGHT: 3 to 7 pounds

    PERSONALITY/TEMPERAMENT: Bold, alert, lively

    ENERGY LEVEL: Medium

    COAT AND COLOR: Long, double coat; various colors and combinations  

    LIFE SPAN: 12 to 16 years

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    American Staffordshire Terrier

    Profile of an American Staffordshire Terrier sitting on the grass
    Credit:

    IzaLysonArts / 500px / Getty Images

    The American Staffordshire terrier, or Am Staff, is a type of pit bull. These medium-to-large dogs can handle both service and mobility tasks. They are muscular and strong, as well as brave, loving, and gentle.  

    Breed Overview

    GROUP: Terrier

    HEIGHT: 17 to 19 inches

    WEIGHT: 40 to 70 pounds

    PERSONALITY/TEMPERAMENT: Courageous, affectionate, protective

    ENERGY LEVEL: Medium

    COAT AND COLOR: Short, stiff coat; variety of colors, including black, brown, blue, fawn, red, and liver; brindle and/or white markings possible

    LIFE SPAN: 12 to 16 years

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  • 13 of 13

    Mixed Breed

    Mutt mixed breed dog
    Mixed breed dogs are an oft-overlooked treasure. Credit:

    Pixabay 

    Service dogs don't have to be purebred dogs. Oftentimes, organizations that train hearing or psychiatric assistance dogs will pluck trainable mixed breeds from their local animal shelters. Each dog has their own personality, smarts, and traits, so don't discount a pup based solely on their breed.

Breed Characteristics

Generally speaking, service dogs—particularly guide dogs—come from smart, amiable, and trainable breeds who have enough endurance to work long hours. They should be able to remain calm and focused in all situations, regardless of who they’re around or what is going on, and they need to be responsive and reliable at all times. Dogs who direct their humans where to go are also on the larger side.

If you're looking for a service dog for yourself or a family member, do your research to make sure you find one from a reputable organization.

Remember this, too: the ADA doesn't require service dogs to be certified or registered, so beware of anyone selling certificates or registrations. Learn more here.

FAQ
  • Can any dog be a service dog?

    According to the Americans with Disabilities Act, any breed of dog can serve as a service dog. Effective service dogs do need extensive training, however, so not all dogs—even from "typical" breeds—can do the job.

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