English Pelham Bit—Description, Mechanics, and Usage

Pelham bits are common in both English and Western riding. Like any bit, they have pros and cons. Some people view them as a great compromise, while others see them as a crutch. However, any bit can be ineffective or even abusive if used improperly. Here's what a Pelham does and when it may be used.

Appearance

The Pelham bit can have either a solid or jointed mouthpiece. A large ring directly connects to the mouthpiece for attaching the 'snaffle reins,' and shanks extend downwards, ending in rings for the 'curb reins.' Because the Pelham bit uses leverage, a curb chain or strap loops under the horse's chin to prevent rotation and provide another pressure point. A small 'lip strap' prevents the horse from nibbling at the shanks.

Uses

The Pelham bit is often used for schooling and general riding, provided the rider is skilled in using a curb bit and managing double reins. An English Pelham bit mimics the action of the bridoon (small snaffle bit) and Weymouth (curb) bit combination used in a 'double bridle.' A Pelham may be used when a horse cannot comfortably hold the two bits comfortably, or for convenience.

Pelhams are used on field hunters, in some show hunter classes, on eventers, and in stadium jumping. They are not used in dressage but are common in polo. There is also a Western version of the Pelham bit, and driving bits similar to Pelhams exist.

Mechanics

The Pelham delivers a slightly muted effect of the bridoon/Weymouth combination. Using the curb rein, the rider can lower the horse's head, which is beneficial for schooling and promoting proper head carriage. Activating the curb rein puts pressure on the bars of the mouth, chin, poll, and, if there is a port, the roof of the mouth.

With the snaffle rein, the rider can lift the horse's head. As with all English snaffles, the pressure applies only to the bars of the mouth. For general riding, the rider typically uses the snaffle rein, employing the curb rein only when necessary. This technique requires steady, knowledgeable hands to avoid pulling on both the curb and snaffle reins simultaneously.

Sometimes, for horses that pull hard, the curb and snaffle rings are connected by a leather adapter (also called converters or roundings) so that one rein connects to the center of the adapter. This setup activates both the snaffle and curb actions of the Pelham. When using only two reins, the rider may find it challenging to position the horse's head effectively.

For training that demands precise responses to bit aids, such as advanced dressage, the Pelham is not ideal. The double bridle, with its two separate bits, is more effective for providing clear signals through the reins.