We independently evaluate all of our recommendations. If you click on links we provide, we may receive compensation. The 14 Best Probiotics for Cats of 2026 Our top picks will help your kitty maintain better gut health By Katherine Alex Beaven Katherine Alex Beaven K. Alex Beaven is a writer for The Spruce Pets. Learn more about The Spruce Pets' Editorial Process and Lorraine Wilde Lorraine Wilde Lorraine Wilde, M.S. is a writer for The Spruce Pets. She has over 25 years of experience, almost as long as her 30 years of being a dog and cat mom. Her work has included Run Those Dogs, Parents Magazine, Leaders in Heels, Sheownsit.com, and Miss Millennia Magazine, among other publications and, most recently, a Sniffspot host. Learn more about The Spruce Pets' Editorial Process Updated on 09/02/25 In This Article View All In This Article Top Picks Reviews What to Look For FAQ Why Trust The Spruce Pets Credit: The Spruce Pets A healthy gut keeps things running smoothly and can affect nutrition absorption, mood and temperament, and immunity. Like humans, cats can often benefit from probiotics, whether it’s to naturally soothe a stressed-out kitty, help with stools, or repair damage after a round of antibiotics. But not just any probiotic off the shelf will do the trick. “Look for a probiotic that says it is designed for cats. Some probiotics are designed for both dogs and cats, while there are some just for cats. Both should work,” says Debra Eldredge, DVM. “Ideally, you want a probiotic made in the United States, and if it has the National Animal Supplement Council (NASC) seal of approval, even better.” Cat probiotics come in several forms and formulations, and it's imperative to choose the right one for your cat’s needs. Even though most probiotics for cats are available to you without a prescription, you should never start your cat on probiotics without consulting your veterinarian. Top Picks Best Overall: Purina Pro Plan FortiFlora for Cats at Amazon $31 Jump to Review Best Chews: VetriScience Laboratories Probiotic Everyday Gut Health Supplement for Cats Soft Chews at Amazon $10 Jump to Review Best Budget: Pet Naturals of Vermont Daily Probiotic for Cats at Amazon $8 Jump to Review Best for Constipation: PetUltimates Probiotics for Cats at Amazon $33 Jump to Review Best for IBD: Fera Pets Probiotics with Prebiotics at Amazon $30 Jump to Review Best Calming: Purina Calming Care Veterinary Supplements at Amazon $34 Jump to Review Best Deodorizer: Skout's Honor Skout's Honor Probiotic Deodorizer at Amazon $15 Jump to Review Best for Kidney Disease: SALE Healthy Kidney Inc. Kidney Restore at Amazon $37 $23 Jump to Review Best Immune Support: Vital Planet Flora Cat Probiotic at Amazon $33 Jump to Review Best for Kittens: Nutramax Proviable-DC at Amazon $20 Jump to Review Best Overall Purina Pro Plan FortiFlora for Cats Credit: Amazon $31 at Amazon $31 at Chewy View on PetSmart What We Like Contains probiotics and yeast Contains taurine Can be given to kittens Easy-to-administer flavored powder What We Don’t Like Not very transparent on ingredients Does not contain prebiotics Purina Pro Plan FortiFlora is designed for cats prone to diarrhea who can benefit from the extra gut support provided by a supplemental dose of probiotics. Each sachet contains a liver-flavored powder you can sprinkle on top of your cat’s food or mix with a liquid, like broth. There is only one probiotic strain in this formula, but it’s one that naturally occurs inside a cat’s small intestine. Other ingredients listed aren’t probiotic-related, but they do help support your cat’s digestion, like the fibrous psyllium husk and taurine, which aid in overall digestive function. That said, we wish the labeling and overall product information provided by Purina were more transparent. For example, Purina states that this probiotic contains a guaranteed number of live active cultures per serving, but the exact count is never listed. Nevertheless, it remains the probiotic brand most often recommended by veterinarians for help with digestive issues. Keep in mind that this is specifically formulated for dealing with diarrhea, and it may not be as effective for other gut-related problems like gas or anxiety. Delivery Method: Powder | Quantity: 30 sachets | NASC Seal: No Best Chews VetriScience Laboratories Probiotic Everyday Gut Health Supplement for Cats Soft Chews Credit: Amazon $10 at Amazon View on Chewy View on Vetriscience.com What We Like Fish-shaped chew has a treat-like appeal Contains 120 million CFU per chew Includes prebiotic Formulated for daily use What We Don't Like Single probiotic strain Contains gluten These VetriScience Probiotics Everyday chews are an easy and affordable way to treat your cat for healthy gut maintenance. Fish-shaped and duck-flavored, these chewy probiotics are likely to be mistaken for a treat by your unsuspecting cat. We like that each chew has 120 million colony-forming units (CFU) and contains a prebiotic, and that, when used daily, they can help keep things moving smoothly, contribute to your cat’s overall immune system, and help gassy kitties. However, since they only contain one probiotic strain, they’re best used for maintenance and not for acute issues. Keep in mind that these treats contain several gluten ingredients, which may actually cause stomach upset in some cats, especially if they’re not used to it in their regular food. Delivery Method: Chews | Quantity: 45, 60, 120 count | NASC Seal: No Best Budget Pet Naturals of Vermont Daily Probiotic for Cats Credit: Pure Formulas $8 at Amazon View on Chewy View on Pureformulas.com What We Like Cats like the flavor Can aid in active, healthy digestion Can improve bad breath NASC seal What We Don't Like Only one strain of healthy gut bacteria Contains preservatives Sometimes cats will turn their nose up when powders are added to their food. That’s where a daily treat will come in handy to help them get their daily dose of probiotics. Pet Naturals of Vermont Probiotic is a great daily treat. Around $6 for a 30-day supply, the cost won’t have to be the reason your cat is missing out on the benefits of daily pro- and prebiotics. This chew contains 100 million CFU of a single strain of gut bacteria, the proprietary Ganeden BC30 Bacillus coagulans. This strain forms spores that are capable of surviving excessive stomach acids so that they can aid in active, healthy digestion in the intestinal tract. These duck-flavored chews also contain prebiotic fiber and arabic gum, as well as healing aloe vera gel. A bonus is that they are said to improve bad breath. You can keep these shelf-stable treats on hand in a cool, dry place for any time your cat needs an extra digestive boost or doesn’t get a full dose using another method. Pet Naturals of Vermont is a woman-owned business, and the treats have the NASC seal, so you can feel good about your purchase. Delivery Method: Chew | Quantity: 30 chews | NASC Seal: Yes Best for Constipation PetUltimates Probiotics for Cats Credit: Amazon $33 at Amazon $33 at Chewy View on Petultimates.com What We Like 20 strains of live healthy gut bacteria No unnecessary ingredients that could cause sensitivity 90-day money-back guarantee What We Don't Like No prebiotic Constipation can be caused by a number of conditions. If this is an issue for your cat, it's important to consult with your vet, and you might consider adding Pet Ultimates Probiotics for Cats to your pet's diet. Each scoop of this no-nonsense supplement contains 5 billion CFU of 20 strains of live healthy gut bacteria plus a source of fiber—beta-glucan—and alpha-galactosidase, a digestive enzyme that breaks down natural sugars so that they are easier to digest. That’s it. Manufactured in the U.S. in a Food and Drug Administration-registered Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)-compliant facility, this supplement claims to reduce litter box odors and help your cat make firmer stools. Delivery Method: Powder | Quantity: 44 grams | NASC Seal: Yes Best for IBD Fera Pets Probiotics with Prebiotics Credit: Amazon $30 at Amazon $30 at Chewy View on Petco What We Like Vegan, grain-free, with no added colors, dyes, or preservatives USDA certified organic 12 live strains of gut bacteria What We Don't Like Some cats won’t eat it Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a syndrome in cats, a label applied to a collection of symptoms. It can present in your cat as diarrhea or constipation and is most commonly diagnosed in middle-aged to older cats, usually 5 to 12 years of age. The 12 live, powerful strains of living good bacteria in Fera Pets Organic Probiotics with Prebiotics may help manage IBD. With 5 billion CFU per scoop, your cat won’t notice when you stir this flavorless powder in with their food. Fera Pets' formula has been certified organic by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), including the plant-based ingredients gum arabic and inulin that provide the bulk of the prebiotic fiber that will help your cat stay regular. FOS also works as a prebiotic to feed good gut bacteria. This recipe was custom-formulated by co-founding veterinarian Michelle Dulake and is manufactured in the U.S. in FDA-registered GMP-compliant facilities and carries the NASC seal. Store in a cool, dry place for the best shelf life. Delivery Method: Powder | Quantity: 60 scoops | NASC Seal: Yes Best Calming Purina Calming Care Veterinary Supplements Credit: Amazon $34 at Amazon View on Chewy View on Proplanvetdirect.com What We Like Can be used long-term Can be sprinkled on food or mixed with liquid Encourages positive behaviors Probiotic strain scientifically linked to mood regulation What We Don’t Like Takes at least six weeks of daily doses to work Only comes in liver flavor This liver-flavored probiotic supplement has been shown to reduce anxious behaviors such as pacing, spraying, and meowing. Even better, it encourages positive behaviors such as playing and socializing, and can help relieve sneezing in cats infected with the herpes virus. This cat supplement contains a proprietary formula that relies heavily on BL999 (Bifidobacterium longum), which has been scientifically linked to the gut’s regulation of mood and behavior and helps dial down cortisol, a known stress hormone. But you’ll need to be patient: It can take up to six weeks of a daily dose before you start to see the effects. (By comparison, probiotics taken for gut health show results after just one day or up to four weeks of use.) In addition to helping with anxious behaviors, this supplement can help calm your cat and help it adjust to new environments or new people and pets in its existing environment. Delivery Method: Powder | Quantity: 30 sachets | NASC Seal: No Best Deodorizer Skout's Honor Skout's Honor Probiotic Deodorizer Credit: Amazon $15 $15 at Amazon $15 at Chewy $15 at Chewy What We Like Variety of scents, including hypoallergenic unscented Safe enough for daily use Can be used on both cats and dogs What We Don't Like Unclear if probiotics have any benefit in this context Only available in one size Your cat's personal microbiome isn't just in their stomach—they (and we) also have a living ecosystem on the surface of our skin! Skout's Honor Probiotic Deodorizer includes topical probiotics that are meant to encourage a healthy microbiome, crowding out bacteria that cause bad smells, dryness, and itching. While recent studies into topical probiotics have promising results—providing potential treatments for acne and psoriasis in humans, for example—the research isn't advanced enough to say for sure if probiotics really are effective deodorants. But even absent specific probiotic claims, Skout's Honor Deodorizer makes a good case for itself by providing a hydrating and smell-reducing topical spray that can be used as needed. It includes natural ingredients like avocado oil to keep skin protected. In addition to its hypoallergenic unscented version, Skout's Honor Probiotic Deodorizer is available in four different scents: Sandalwood Vanilla, Honeysuckle, Lilac & Linen, and Lavender. Delivery Method: Spray | Quantity: 8 ounces | NASC Seal: No Best for Kidney Disease Healthy Kidney Inc. Kidney Restore Credit: Amazon $37 $23 at Amazon What We Like Seven strains of gut bacteria Balances five different factors related to kidney health Money-back guarantee What We Don't Like Not appealing to some cats Kidney disease in cats can sneak up on pet parents. Cats are often quiet about their symptoms, so we may not realize they’re struggling until kidney problems have advanced. It is most common in older cats, especially those over 10 years old, and you should consult with your vet about the best course of treatment. Healthy Kidney’s Kidney Restore was formulated by naturopath Robert Galarowicz. The recipe focuses on balancing five critical aspects of kidney health to reduce renal stress. The formula claims to balance phosphorus, potassium, and acid buildup and support the elimination of toxins. One scoop contains 50 billion CFU of seven strains of good bacteria. Camu camu powder and FOS are included as prebiotics. The formula also contains sodium bicarbonate to neutralize acids, niacinamide (vitamin B3) to lower harmful phosphorus levels, and vitamin C as an antioxidant. Organic, GMO-free, and manufactured and tested in an FDA-registered, GMP-compliant facility in the United States, it’s easy for your pets to take mixed in with food. Some cat owners report that their cats wouldn’t eat it, but many others saw noticeable improvements in their cats within a couple of weeks or less. Delivery Method: Powder | Quantity: 90 grams | NASC Seal: No The 7 Best Frozen and Freeze-Dried Raw Cat Food Best Immune Support Vital Planet Flora Cat Probiotic Credit: Amazon $33 at Amazon $30 at Chewy View on Vitacost What We Like High diversity of probiotic strains Contains two prebiotics Unflavored What We Don't Like May cause gas in some cats This high-potency probiotic powder contains 10 different probiotic strains, giving your cat more diversity than other probiotics on the market. And, while most probiotics only have one prebiotic, Vital Planet Flora Probiotic Powder contains two. In turn, your cat’s gut is being served more bang for your buck, resulting in a more profound effect on your cat’s immunity support and gut health. This powder is unflavored, so it’s great for fussy eaters. Add this to your cat's food by sprinkling it on top, or mix it with a liquid like broth for easier administration. We like that there are 20 billion active cultures per serving, so you’ll get a month’s worth in one container. We wish the one-scoop-fits-all dosage were more precise, though, since some cats can get a little gassy with a full scoop. Delivery Method: Powder | Quantity: 30 scoops | NASC Seal: Yes Best for Kittens Nutramax Proviable-DC Credit: Amazon $20 at Amazon $20 at Chewy $23 $22 at Petco What We Like Up to 5 billion CFUs per capsule Contains multiple probiotic strains Has two prebiotics Capsules can be opened to use as a powder What We Don’t Like Generic dosage instructions Not economical for everyday use Nutramax Proviable-DC Capsules contain seven different types of probiotic strains, providing your kitten with a high level of diversity for maximum effectiveness. They’ve also got two different prebiotics that help with the colonization and growth of the included probiotics in the gastrointestinal environment. These probiotics come in a powder-filled capsule, which we’ve found to be a plus when administering to a kitten. The dosage instructions are the same regardless of the age or weight of your cat, and we like that you can twist apart the capsule and distribute its contents over several meals throughout the day—clutch in those cases where the kitten may not finish their food or is a fussy eater. This probiotic is greenlit for daily use, but at the price point, it makes more sense to use it as needed for gut repair or to firm up cases of diarrhea. Delivery Method: Capsule | Quantity: 30, 80 count | NASC Seal: No Best Syringe PetAg Bene-Bac Plus FOS & Probiotics Gel Supplement Credit: Chewy $28 at Amazon $13 at Chewy View on Petco What We Like Syringe delivery method for quick, consistent dose Seven strains of live bacteria Suitable for newborns What We Don't Like Contains artificial color Kittens are generally born without gut bacteria. They develop a healthy gut from the bacteria they receive while nursing and while exploring their environment. But kittens separated from their mother too early, those fed poor diets, and those experiencing trauma may struggle to establish a healthy gut community. PetAg Bene-Bac Plus Gel Digestive Supplement is an excellent solution because this combination of pro- and prebiotics comes in a syringe for easy measuring and dispensing. Each dose can be given by weight, with each gram containing 20 million CFU of seven strains of live healthy gut bacteria. PetAg also recommends this probiotic gel for traveling, post-birth, after worming, at weaning, while boarding, post-surgery, when dietary changes occur, post-antibiotic therapy, and as indicated by your pet's veterinarian. Kittens will love the sweet flavor of the FOS prebiotic and sunflower oil in each dose. The syringe helps with precise measurement and can be stored at room temperature. Delivery Method: Gel in syringe | Quantity: Three 15-gram syringes | NASC Seal: No The 11 Best Wet Cat Foods of 2026 Best Cat Food Purina Pro Plan Complete Essentials Dry Food Credit: Amazon $54 at Amazon $54 at Chewy View on Petco What We Like Supports digestion and a healthy immune system Protein-rich Helps maintain a healthy coat Available in two flavors What We Don't Like Not grain-free If you'd like to skip the step of adding a probiotic supplement to your cat's diet, you can choose a food with probiotics included. Purina Pro Plan Complete Essentials is a nutritionally sound dry cat food, with real chicken or salmon first on the ingredient list. The high-protein formula is designed for adult cats and features a blend of live probiotics (600 million CFU/pound of Bacillus coagulans) and prebiotics (from fiber) to support digestion and a healthy immune system. The food also provides omega-6 fatty acids for a healthy coat and skin. Additional ingredients include brewer's rice, eggs, animal fat, amino acids, and essential vitamins and minerals. Delivery Method: Dry food | Quantity: 3.5, 7, 16 pounds | NASC Seal: No The 10 Best Premium Dry Cat Foods, According to 299 Cats Best Food Topper Zesty Paws Probiotic Powder for Cats Credit: Zesty Paws $28 at Amazon $28 at Chewy $30 $28 at Petco What We Like Delicious pumpkin flavor Pre-measured sachets DE111 probiotics to support gut and immunity health Over 400 million CFU per serving What We Don't Like Doesn't adhere as well to dry food May not appeal to finicky cats Some pet parents find it easier to incorporate cat supplements into their feline's food. This pumpkin-flavored probiotic powder from Zesty Paws offers the convenience of pre-dosed sachets—ideal for traveling—with over 400 million CFU per serving. It contains inulin, yeast extract, and DE111, a clinically studied Bacillus subtilis probiotic that supports gut health and immune system function for cats. While the powder is designed to be sprinkled onto dry or wet food, it doesn't adhere quite as well to dry food, according to some users. The pumpkin flavor is generally liked by most cats, though it may not have the same appeal to finicky felines. Delivery Method: Powder | Quantity: 30 sachets | NASC Seal: No Best Tasting Treat Pet Honesty Daily Probiotics Credit: Amazon $16 at Amazon $16 at Chewy $20 $16 at Petco What We Like Appealing dual texture 550 million CFUs per three grams Free of corn, soy, and wheat NASC quality seal What We Don't Like Small package Potential adverse effects on sensitive stomachs Probiotic cat treats can only be as effective as they are appealing to your feline's palate. This daily supplement from Pet Honesty features a crunchy outer shell and a creamy core, offering an enticing combination of tastes and textures. It contains 500 million CFU of Bacillus subtilis (per 3 grams), along with prebiotics to promote gut health and fish oil for healthier skin and coat. We also appreciate that this probiotic treat has the NASC seal of approval and is made without fillers, including corn, soy, and wheat. On the downside, the package is small, making it more expensive than some other options. Also, some pet parents report the treats having adverse effects on their kitties with sensitive stomachs. Delivery Method: Chew | Quantity: 3.7 ounces | NASC Seal: Yes Final Verdict Since many cat owners tend to seek probiotics to help with upset stomachs or bouts of diarrhea, we’ve chosen Purina Pro Plan’s FortiFlora Probiotic Supplement as our top overall pick. In addition to the naturally occurring probiotic bacteria Enterococcus faecium, it contains psyllium husk for fiber and taurine for digestive function. It’s also available in a liver-flavored powder that makes it easy to administer by sprinkling on your cat’s food. We like the PetUltimate Probiotics for Cats for felines suffering from constipation because it comes with a 90-day money-back guarantee and is packed with a whopping 20 live strains of probiotic bacteria for ultimate impact. The PetAg Bene-Bac FOS & Probiotics Gel Supplement comes pre-loaded into convenient, ready-to-administer syringes prefilled with 20 billion CFUs and seven strains of bacteria per serving. This is an ideal choice for anyone fostering kittens. What to Look For in Probiotics for Cats Number and Diversity of Probiotics Bacterial probiotics are most effective when living, not dead, and the more bacteria present, the higher the likelihood they will benefit your cat. Choose a product with a high number of colony-forming units (CFUs) or bacteria. Multi-strain products are best for their diversity, but prioritize hyper-cat-friendly strains such as Enterococcus and Bifidobacterium. These live in the feline colon and small intestine and provide excellent gut support. Storage Since bacterial probiotics should be viable when you give them to your cat, you must ensure they are properly stored to preserve them. Some probiotics require refrigeration, others need to stay below 77 degrees, and a few may not have any temperature requirements. Be sure to look for and follow the storage recommendations on the package. Flavor If your cat has food sensitivities or allergies, check to see if the probiotic contains ingredients your cat cannot tolerate. Some products contain animal proteins, grains, and other ingredients that could cause a problem in your cat or add flavor your cat does not like. Some will add ingredients like chicken to ensure your pet will want to eat them. If you have a picky eater or a cat that doesn’t respond well to capsules, consider using treats to ensure they get a quality dose of probiotics. Delivery Method Probiotics for cats most commonly come in a powdered form. Some products are packaged in sachets or packets designed to be opened and sprinkled on top of your cat’s food or mixed with water to syringe into your cat’s mouth, while others are in digestible capsules. Capsules can typically be pilled as is, opened to sprinkle the contents onto the food, or opened to have the contents mixed into water to syringe into your cat’s mouth. Label Claims Veterinary supplements, such as probiotics, are not regulated the same way as pharmaceuticals are. This means that the amount of probiotics the product label says is present isn’t always accurate. Analyses from organizations such as ConsumerLab.com and published studies verifying or denying these label claims have shown that not all probiotics have what they say they have in them. The National Animal Supplement Council (NASC) seal on product packaging is one way to tell if a product will likely meet label claims. Otherwise, you can ask the company that makes the product if and how they ensure label claims are met. Prebiotics The most effective types of probiotic products also contain prebiotics, a non-digestible food source that helps probiotic bacteria colonize and flourish. Gum arabic, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), or other prebiotics should be listed on the product label. Together, probiotics and prebiotics are called synbiotics. Age of Cat Kittens, like many other mammals, are born without inherent gut bacteria. Normally, kittens rely on nursing to obtain essential probiotic bacteria in their intestinal tract. Smaller or younger cats may have a hard time consuming large amounts of a probiotic, so the quantity of product needed to deliver a beneficial amount of the probiotics may matter. Elderly cats that don’t eat much may also do better with a product that isn’t powder or paste. Health Conditions Certain types of probiotics have been studied to support specific bodily systems. Your cat may benefit more from one probiotic than another, depending on what sort of health condition it has and what kind of bacteria are in the product you choose. If your cat has a health condition, it's always best to talk to your veterinarian before introducing a probiotic to your cat's treatment plan. The 8 Best Cat Foods for Urinary Health to Prevent Stones and Crystals FAQ Do cats need a prescription for probiotics? “Most probiotics are sold as supplements, so no prescription is needed. However, a few do require a prescription,” says Dr. Eldredge. “That said, quality can vary greatly between products. Your veterinarian can guide you to more reliable sources. You should always check before adding any supplement to make sure it will not interfere with your cat’s normal diet.” Do probiotics have side effects? “Rarely, probiotics can cause mild stomach upset or extra gas,” says Dr. Eldredge. “Sometimes this is a response to inactive ingredients in a particular product. In general, probiotics are very safe.”If your cat exhibits side effects, discontinue the probiotic to see if the symptoms subside. You may need to try multiple products before finding the one that is a good fit for your cat. Can cats take probiotics made for humans? “No, cats should take probiotics made for cats,” says Dr. Eldredge. “The intestinal flora varies with each species, so bacteria that are ideal for people may not help cats at all (may not hurt, but may not help). Some people eat live-culture yogurt to get healthy bacteria, but many cats don’t handle dairy products very well. You could make things worse.” Stick to probiotics explicitly formulated for cats. Why Trust The Spruce Pets? Katherine Alex Beaven is a lifelong cat owner who has relied on the power of probiotics for cats many times over the years. For this story, Alex also turned to insights from Debra Eldredge, DVM. Alex has also written stories for The Spruce Pets on the best kitten foods, best bone broths for cats, and best lickable cat treats. Lorraine Wilde has had at least two cat companions in her home for the past 35 years, including some special needs kitties. When researching these brands, she evaluated the type and quality of the ingredients, the companies' research and development practices, and their business ethics. Her current senior feline companions have been challenged by digestive and urinary tract health issues. Because she has only the highest of standards for what she gives her pets, Wilde recently started using Fera Pets Organic Probiotics, Kidney Restore, and Pet Naturals of Vermont Probiotic chews to help improve her older cat’s digestive and urinary issues and to establish a healthy baseline for her dogs. Debra M. Eldredge, DVM, graduated from Cornell University, where she was the first recipient of the Gentle Doctor Award, a prize given by the clinical faculty for the best patient care. She is an award-winning author and coauthor of more than 20 books on pets, including "Dog Owner's Home Veterinary Handbook" and "Cat Owner’s Home Veterinary Handbook." Dr. Eldredge also writes for SeniorTailWaggers.com. We also consulted Spruce Pets contributor and licensed veterinary technician Adrienne Kruzer, an expert in pet supplements, about what to look for in cat probiotics. Explore more: What to Buy Cat Products Cat Food Sources The Spruce Pets uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy. Cornell Richard P. Riney Canine Health Center. "The Power of Probiotics." Habeebuddin M, Karnati RK, Shiroorkar PN, et al. Topical probiotics: more than a skin deep. Pharmaceutics. 2022;14(3):557. doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14030557 Edalat-Nejad M, Zameni F, Talaiei A. The effect of niacin on serum phosphorus levels in dialysis patients. Indian J Nephrol. 2012;22(3):174. doi:10.4103/0971-4065.98751 Advertisement Advertisement