A Guide to African Sideneck Turtles: Caring for These Unique Pets

Aquatic turtles are enjoyable to observe, particularly the distinctive African sideneck turtle. They earned their name because they cannot fully retract their heads into their shells and instead tuck them to the side. Sidenecks are relatively large turtles, capable of living for several decades. Their shell is typically dark brown, with skin ranging from olive to brown, featuring black markings on the top of their head. They possess large, round eyes and a mouth that appears to be in a permanent smile. While sidenecks have moderate care needs, they can be suitable for beginners prepared to commit to their care.

African Sideneck Turtle Behavior and Temperament

African sidenecks have longer necks than most other species of turtles. This gives them a distinct advantage over their fellow turtles: If they find themselves turned upside-down, these turtles can right themselves using their neck muscles. Other turtles are often helpless when turned on their shells. 

You can socialize pet aquatic turtles with frequent interaction, and African sidenecks are no exception. They might be a little shy at first, but once they're comfortable, they're typically inquisitive, active turtles that can be interesting to watch.

However, like other aquatic turtles, these animals aren't for handling. They're stressed very easily, and they might bite when provoked. Plus, they might carry salmonella bacteria, so it's important to wash your hands after handling anything in their environment. And it's probably best to keep them away from small children due to the risk of infection.

Housing the African Sideneck Turtle

Your turtle should be able to swim and dive in its aquarium, so the larger it is, the better. Ideally, you should have at least a 75-gallon aquarium that is half to three-quarters full of water. Also, provide a dry land area using a floating dock or large rocks, so your turtle can climb out of the water to dry off. Use a secure metal mesh screen lid to keep your turtle safe, especially if you have other pets.

Moreover, invest in a quality water filter. Aquatic turtles defecate in the water, and without a filter, you'll have to do weekly water changes. Some people prefer canister filters while others like the smaller submersible filters. For a large tank, a quality canister filter is typically your best option.

In addition to keeping the water clean, you should dechlorinate the water by either letting it sit out for 24 hours before adding it to the tank or by adding a dechlorinating solution. A recommended pH of 6.5 (a fairly neutral pH) should be maintained and can be easily checked with water test strips from the pet store.

Heat 

African sidenecks require supplemental heat from a heat lamp to maintain their body temperature. Heat lamps vary in wattage and should maintain an ambient temperature of around 80 degrees Fahrenheit with a basking temperature of around 90 degrees Fahrenheit. The temperature should never drop below 70 degrees Fahrenheit, even at night when the basking light gets turned off.

Light

African sidenecks also need UVB lighting to properly metabolize calcium. Keep a UVB-emitting lamp on the tank for around 12 hours per day to maintain a normal day-night cycle. These lights typically need to be around 10 to 12 inches away from where your turtle sits outside of the water, and the bulbs usually need to be replaced every six to nine months. Follow the manufacturer's instructions on your specific bulb. Lack of appropriate UVB lighting can result in metabolic bone diseases.

Substrate

Substrate is the material that lines the bottom of your turtle’s aquarium. It can help to mimic the look and feel of the animal's natural environment. A substrate isn’t essential, and it will collect food and waste, requiring regular cleaning. But if you wish to use a substrate, many owners opt for sand or large pebbles. Anything larger than sand but small enough for a turtle to eat is dangerous.

Food and Water

Like most aquatic turtles, African sidenecks are omnivores. They eat some plant material, as well as insects, fish, crustaceans, and aquatic turtle pellets. Turtle pellets should include the calcium and other vitamins and minerals that your turtle needs. Meat (such as chicken or beef) should never be fed to your aquatic turtle.

Common Health and Behavior Problems

Aquatic turtles are often afflicted with parasites. These are tricky to treat because the turtle might not show obvious symptoms. Parasitic infections are usually discovered during an exam by a reptile veterinarian.

African sideneck turtles also are prone to vitamin A deficiency. Signs of this can include swelling and pus around the eyes. Plus, like most reptiles, African sideneck turtles are predisposed to respiratory infections. You might notice your turtle wheezing if it has a respiratory infection, along with excess mucus around its nasal passages and mouth.

All of these conditions should be treated by a veterinarian who specializes in reptiles. Don't try to treat a sick turtle with a home remedy before checking with your vet first. 

Choosing Your African Sideneck Turtle

Visit a reputable breeder or rescue organization to acquire an African sideneck turtle. The seller should be able to tell you about the turtle's origin and health. Young turtles often cost between $50 and $100. When selecting your turtle, look for any signs of illness, such as flakiness on the shell, difficulty breathing, lethargy, or a lack of appetite.

Similar Species to the African Sideneck Turtle

If you’re interested in similar pets, check out:

• Red-eared slider
• Mud turtle
• Mississippi map turtle

Otherwise, check out other types of reptiles and amphibians that can be your new pet.